Turbocharging vs. Supercharging: The Key Differences
Knowingly or unknowingly, we mix up the turbocharging and supercharging terms and often use them interchangeably. But little do we know that there are a few key differences between them. Today's article is all about the comparison of turbocharging vs. supercharging.
Turbocharging: A Quick Introduction
Turbo is a technology that allows the engine to pump more air at a higher pressure. A turbocharger basically runs on exhaust gas, and hence its construction is slightly complicated. The charger is made of two distinct parts: a compressor end and a turbine end.
Ambient air is drawn into the aluminum compressor end. There, a compressor wheel compresses the air and passes it to the engine.
The exhaust gas from the engine is received by the hot turbine end made of stainless steel or cast iron. This heated gas then passes through the turbine blade at a high RPM, starting the combustion process. Soon the exhaust-driven turbocharger boosts up, accelerating the engine.
Supercharging: A Quick Glimpse
In supercharging, the charger is mechanically connected to the engine via a belt and chain. The supercharger can admit more air into the cylinder without creating any vacuum. As a result, more fuel can be added to the charge now, and the engine power boosts automatically.
Turbocharging vs. Supercharging: The Main Differences
From the above definition, it is clear that both turbochargers and superchargers generate extra power boosts for the engine. Though the chargers serve the same purpose, a few differences between them are already visible.
Let's dive deep into the comparison of turbochargers and superchargers.
1. Forced Induction Function
People mostly get confused between turbocharging and supercharging because of their working principle. Both the chargers used a forced induction system to create the boost of power.
In simple terms, a compressor is present to compress the air and pass it to the engine in the forced induction system. The compressor here allows more oxygen to reach the engine, which means more power.
Though both turbocharging and supercharging use a forced induction system, the difference lies in their way of receiving the energy.
A turbocharging system uses an indirect energy source such as, exhaust gas from the engine. On the other hand, the supercharger is physically connected to the engine and receives direct power from the compressor.
2. Lag in the Power Boost
A turbocharger can boost power by 25 to 40%, but the system experiences a turbo lag. The delay occurs because the turbine takes a lapse of seconds to spool up after receiving the exhaust gas.
Supercharger, on the contrary, is in a direct drive relationship with the engine. Thus, we can see an instantaneous power boost by 30 to 50%.
3. Fuel Efficiency
Unlike supercharger, turbocharger runs on exhaust gas. As per report, the turbochargers are 20 to 25% more fuel efficient than the superchargers. Due to the use of recovery gas, turbochargers are tagged environmental friendly and sustainable.
4. Horsepower Generation
If we calculate horsepower, supercharger is a clear cut winner. Superchargers always have the upper hand in power generation because they are directly connected to the engine. Additionally, the superchargers do not lag and provide good power for low RPM engines.
Turbochargers, in contrast, do not perform well in lower RPM engines. These systems are best fitted with smaller engines.
5. Use of Lubrication
The turbine end of the turbochargers can heat up to 960C. We need to use lubes regularly to keep the system functioning and avoid accidental breakdown.
Compared to turbochargers, superchargers do not get heated up excessively. Hence, the application of lubrication is limited here.
6. Construction and Maintenance
Supercharger is directly linked to the engine via belt and chain. Therefore, the design of this charger is comparatively simpler. The less complexity makes the supercharger easier to maintain.
On the other hand, the turbocharger has two ends, one for receiving ambient air and passing it to the engine. Another one is the turbine end, which processes the exhaust gas. Hence, the construction is more complex.
Turbocharging vs. Supercharging: Which One Is Better?
Turbochargers are way more popular than superchargers. Yes, superchargers are reliable, less complex, and more powerful. But their only drawback is their fuel consumption.
Turbochargers are quieter and more fuel efficient, which is why automotive manufacturers choose them over superchargers. Though initially turbochargers were designed only for four-cylinder engines, they are now available for V6 and V8 engines, too.
As mentioned above, turbocharger is of complex design and requires more maintenance. Regular checkups are mandatory for any turbocharging vehicles. At Titan Turbo Service, we have a team of professionals dedicated to fix and repair only turbo systems. So, call us today and book a service session for your vehicle.